Melissa
Kaplan's
Herp Care Collection
Last updated
January 1, 2014
Origin and Evolutionary Relationships of Giant Galápagos Tortoises
Figures and Tables
Table 1. Geochelone nigra subspecies used in this study
| Subspecies | Locality | N |
| becki | Isabela-Wolf | 2 |
| microphyes | Isabela-Darwin | 2 (2) |
| vandemburghi | Isabela-Alcedo | 2 (3) |
| guntheri | Isabela-Sierra Negra | 2 (5) |
| vicina | Isabela-Cerro Azul | 2 (10) |
| darwini | San Salvador | 2 |
| porteri | Santa Cruz | 2 |
| abingdoni | Pinta | 4* |
| ephippium | Pinzón | 3 |
| chatamensis | San Cristóbal | 2 |
| hoodensis | Española | 6 |
refers to the number of individuals whose 16S rRNA and cytb were studied; numbers in parentheses are the number sequenced for the D loop.
*One sample was from a live animal and three were from skins of dead animals.
Table 2. Analysis of the robustnes of the phylogenetic tree in Fig 2.
|
Node
(Fig. 2)
|
Bootstrap
percentage
|
|||
|
a
|
MP
|
NJ
|
ML
|
CP
|
|
b
|
88
|
94
|
81
|
98
|
|
c
|
100
|
99
|
93
|
99
|
|
d
|
90
|
100
|
92
|
97
|
|
e
|
84
|
92
|
82
|
89
|
|
f
|
80
|
63
|
85
|
63
|
Bootstrap support for the indicated node is tabulated as percentage of 1,000 pseudoreplicates for NJ and MP and percentage of 300 pseudoreplicates for ML. CP is the confidence probability (26) of the branch in the NJ tree leading to the indicated node.
Table 3. Results of constraining trees
| Constraint |
Additional
Steps
|
| (carbonaria, nigra) |
11**
|
| (denticulata, nigra) |
17***
|
| [(carbonaria, chilensis, denticulata), nigra] |
7*
|
Results are shown for constraining trees to have the indicated species as the sister taxon to G. nigra or having the three species form a trichotomy. The number of extra steps compared to the MP tree with G. chilensis as the sister to G. nigra is given. *, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.025; ***, P < 0.005 for Templeton's (23) tests, indicating the MP tree is siginficantly better than any of the alternatives.
 |
Map illustrating the location of the Galápagos Islands with respect to the South American coast. On the South American continent are depicted the three mainland Geochelone, from the top: G. denticulata, G. carbonaria, and G. chilensis. The enlarged area includes a map of the Galápagos Archipelago with the names of islands that have extant subspecies of tortoises. The sizes of the tortoises are in proportion to one another. Click the map to see a larger image. |
 |
Phylogenetic tree based on 962 bp of the 16S ribosomal and cytb mtDNA. The tree shown is the 50% majority rule consensus tree for MP with G. pardalis as the outgroup. Numbers above branches indicate branch lengths. All lettered nodes were obtained with all weightings for MP, NJ, and ML, and by using each gene separately. See Materials and Methods for details of the analyses; see Table 2 for statistical analyses of topology robustness. Click image at left to see a larger image. |
 |
The 50% majority
rule consensus tree for MP for the D loop of mtDNA from the four
southern Isabela subspecies. The tree is unrooted, with bootstrap
values on the nodes. Branch lengths are proportional to the number
of steps. Three animals from a putative hybrid zone between vicina
and guntheri are indicated as “v/g”. Other abbreviations:
vic, vicina; gun, guntheri; van, vandenburghi; and mic, microphyes.
Click on figure to see larger image. |
Proc. Natl. Acad.
Sci. 1999
November; 96 (23): 13223-13228
Copyright © 1999, The National Academy of Sciences
